What should be noted when palpating the kidneys?

When palpating the kidneys in a canine patient, it is important to note that they should feel smooth, have an appropriate size and shape. A normal kidney typically has a smooth surface, which indicates that there are no underlying abnormalities such as inflammation or the presence of masses. The size is also crucial; normal-sized kidneys generally should not be significantly larger or smaller than what is expected based on the dog’s breed and size. Proper shape is indicative of healthy function and anatomical structure.

In contrast, if the kidneys feel enlarged and irregular, it may suggest pathological conditions such as pyelonephritis or neoplasia. When they are very firm and hard, this might be an indication of chronic kidney disease or another serious condition that warrants further investigation. If the kidneys are difficult to locate, it could suggest significant enlargement or perhaps dissatisfaction with the examination technique; normally, the kidneys can typically be palpated in most dogs, depending on the body condition and size. Thus, recognizing the smoothness, appropriate size, and correct shape during palpation is vital for assessing kidney health.